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Wheelchair Ramp Design and Construction A ramp for wheelchairs can be a valuable aid to help a loved one live more independently at home. But if not designed correctly they could be unsafe to use. ADA regulations require level landings at all changes in direction to avoid compound slopes. They must also have a surface that is gripping for wheelchair users. Design The ramp design must meet the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) standards to ensure that wheelchairs are able to easily navigate the structure. The ramp's slope must not exceed a 1:12 ratio, and the landings have to be level in any change of direction or shift on the ramp surface. It must also be constructed out of treated lumber which is more durable and weathers precipitation far better than untreated lumber. The top and bottom of the ramp must be clear of obstacles such as trees, bushes or other structures that may hinder the safe movement of the ramp's user. Additionally, the surface of the ramp must be smooth and non-slip. Some municipalities require an anti-slip running surface along the entire length of the ramp. For the frame of the ramp Choose treated lumber that is at least four inches wide. Make posts to support the ramp, making sure they are at minimum eight feet apart and that they extend above the ground level. The posts must then be connected to the ramp's railings using spindles. This kind of connection is preferred since it reduces the risk of a ramp operator falling off the edge of the ramp. Then, build the frame for the ramp using Joists that are at minimum 16 inches long and beams of 2 by 4 inches. Make sure that the joists stand a minimum of 18 inches above ground level and are secured using joist hangers which are nails that bind the inside of the joists and prevent them from slipping out of alignment. Attach the ramp decking using a framing nailer. Add an upper landing to the doorway to ensure the wheelchair-bound occupants are able to easily maneuver the doorswing. The landing should be enough to provide at least 12 to 24 inches of “elbow room” on the handle side for out-swing doors. For doors that swing in, the landing must be at minimum 58 by 60 inches to accommodate the door's threshold and the person in wheelchair who must walk backwards through the doorway. Install a level landing when changing the direction of the ramp to stop wheelchairs from having to hit their brakes at corners. A level landing is easier to remove a ramp of the way when needed, so that equipment such as lawnmowers can pass beneath it. Materials Concrete, wood or aluminium can be used to construct ramps for wheelchairs. A professional ramp installer will help you select the most suitable option for your office or home. It is crucial to think about your individual needs and budget when choosing the materials for the ramp. The ramp should be simple to maintain, and it must be safe to use. Certain cities require that the ramp be paved with a non-slip surface. Before you purchase any material or begin building, be sure that you have the necessary permits from your local government, and ensure that you adhere to all building codes within your area. Utilizing the incorrect materials or methods of construction could result in hazardous conditions for wheelchair users. You can find the most current information about construction regulations at the building department of your local government office, library or online. Wood ramps are usually the least expensive of ADA ramp materials, but they require more maintenance than other options. Wood ramps should be regularly treated with a sealer in order to stop decay. Wood can split and be dangerous for people using wheelchairs. Wood ramps might also require additional support to keep the structure in place and stable. Concrete ramps can be costly, but are durable and long lasting. They are heavy, which means more work is required to construct them, and they can make it difficult to move the ramp once they are no longer needed. Concrete ramps are sturdy enough to support the weight of power wheelchairs. Aluminum ramps weigh less than concrete or steel however they offer the same strength and resistance to corrosion. They are also less expensive than steel and iron which makes them a great option for those with budgets. Aluminum is also green because it is naturally found in the earth's crust and can be recycled. The upper landing of the ramp should be level or within 3/8 inch of the door threshold to allow for the smaller front wheels of wheelchairs to move over it without becoming stuck. Ramps that have gaps greater than this will not meet ADA standards. Also, ensure that the ramp is smooth transitioning from the upper landing to the surface. The ramp's final section should be curved to prevent wheelchairs from stopping abruptly at the point of leaving or entering a home. Installation A ramp for wheelchairs is a ramp that has a plane that can be installed as an alternative to or in addition to steps. It lets wheelchair users and those who use strollers or carts to access areas that would otherwise be difficult to access like a front door or a set up of steep steps. There are many factors to consider when selecting a ramp for wheelchairs, including height, location and cost. The ramp should be placed closest to the door in order to avoid unnecessary traveling. It should be located at a height that the person using it is able to easily navigate. It should be firmly anchored to the floor and free of obstructions like shrubbery, parked cars or other obstacles. ADA regulations stipulate that ramps must have handrails on either side. The rails must be at 36 inches apart and have the gripping surface rounded or smooth. They must also be anchored to the edge of the ramp and extend 12 inches over it. Handrails should be continuous if the ramp is constructed with switchbacks or an L-shaped layout. The length of a ramp depends on the incline, but there are a few standard ramp types that can be used in most situations. A threshold ramp, for example is a ramp that is flush with the lip of the curb or threshold of the doorway. Portable ramps are, however are able to be moved to a different location and are available in different sizes. Modular aluminum ramps can be constructed on-site. These ramps are typically employed in public or commercial areas and are typically longer. If you're thinking of a permanent ramp, make sure you check with the building department of your city to determine if you require a permit. Also, you should consult an expert in mobility about the kind of ramp that works best for your needs and the space. In portable ramps for wheelchair installing a permanent ramp can even increase the value of your home. Maintenance It's important to make sure your ramp for wheelchairs is maintained, particularly if you are going to use it frequently. You'll need to conduct regular inspections and address any structural issues as they occur. This will ensure that the ramp complies all ADA requirements and is safe for users. Regularly cleaning wooden ramps is necessary to remove debris and dirt that could block access. Keep the ramp clean to prevent moisture from accumulating beneath the surface. This can cause decay. Preservatives and stains for wood only work if the ramp has been thoroughly cleaned prior to applying. Wheelchair ramps are more difficult to maintain than other ramps because they are more prone to wear and tear. The most important thing is to ensure you have the appropriate tools for the job. To make sure that all fixings are secure and secure you'll need a good set of screwdrivers and gauge spanners. Also, you should regularly check the handrails for signs of damage or corrosion. It's possible that, over time, with repeated usage and use, the fittings and bolts which hold the handrails in place may come loose, which can be a serious safety risk for those using the ramp. Another important aspect is to ensure the ramp's surface has sufficient grip, particularly in winter when conditions can be challenging. You'll need to remove any leaves, dirt and other debris that may block the surface and cause slippage. You'll also need to apply an ice melt that is non-corrosive to the ramp's surface to prevent injuries and slipping. If you're planning on using your ramp throughout the winter, consider investing in traction wheels or “snow tires” for your wheelchair. These wheels are made to track better on snowy and uneven surfaces. They can help you remain on your ramp longer than normal wheelchair tires. You can also make use of heating pads or heating tape to melt the snow and ice on the ramp prior to it builds up.